Types+of+Government


 * __Parliamentary Democracy__**

Parliamentary representatives, once voted into power, will then be known as ministers who will meet in parliament to discuss state affairs, create laws and represent the people in their region. This is a type of parliamentary democracy where people elect who they want to be in parliament. This form of democracy allows people to voice their opinions as ministers of each constituency will seek the opinion of its people. This allows the citizens to be more involved in the running of the country Parliamentary Democracies are a common form of democracies around the world. Countries such as, Austria and Czech Republic use this form of democracy with a Federal Chancellor as the head of government, and a Federal President as head of state.Executive power is exercised by the governments, both local and federal.

media type="youtube" key="UtWxRiyLGAU?feature=player_detailpage" height="360" width="640" David Cameron Speaking at the Conservative Part Conference

__**Constitutional Monarchy**__

A Constitutional monarchy (or limited monarchy) is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of stat within the parameters of a constitution. Most constitutional monarchies employ a parliamentary system in which the monarch may have strict formal duties or may have reserve powers, depending on the constitution. Under most modern constitutional monarchies there is also a prime minister who is the head of government and exercises effective political power. The prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system.Today’s modern Constitutional Democracies include countries such as Japan, Spain, United Kingdom, and Netherlands. The United Kingdoms Parliament includes two main people. Queen Elizabeth II (Queen/ Head of State) and David Cameron (Prime Minister) act as senior members in United Kingdom's Cabinet.

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 * __Military Junta__**

A junta or military junta, or dictatorship, is a government led by a committee of military leaders. In Spanish, junta means committee or meeting. A **military dictatorship** is a type of government where there military holds political power. There is no attention to public opinion or individual rights. An example of a Military Junta is a current issue in Cairo Egypt. Foreign nations are uncomfortable with this dictatorship. “Earlier this week, the Supreme Constitutional Court, an instrument of the junta, overruled a presidential decree issued by Mursi to reinstate the Egyptian parliament” Egypt’s itself will not restore itself into a democracy as long as the Junta is in charge. Hillary Clinton recently returned from Egypt in order to promote a “Democratic Transition. ”


 * __Presidential republic__**

A presidential system is a system of government where an executive branch is led by a president who serves as both head of state and head of government. In this system, it is separated from the legislative branch, but the president still needs legislative approval. Some national presidents are "figurehead" heads of state, like constitutional monarch but In contrast, in a full-fledged presidential system, a president is chosen by the people to be the head of the executive branch. An example of a presidential republic is the Unites States. The Unites States has Three branches, one of which is the executive. The US citizens vote for the president that they want assuming office every four years.


 * __Plutocracy__**

A plutocracy is a government that is ruled by the wealthy or controlled by wealthy individuals. The term usually is used scornfully, because it implies a lack of democratic freedom and [|__social progress__]. Many historical governments were plutocracies, controlled by an elite class of wealthy people, and some modern governments have been accused of being plutocracies, including the government of the United States. The governments of many nations, however, are heavily influenced by wealth. Wealth can buy political power through lobbying, campaign contributions, bribing and other forms of legal or illegal financial pressure. Many nations have tried to limit the influence of the wealthy through laws controlling things such as campaign finances and lobbying, but these laws can be difficult to define and enforce. A common feature of a plutocracy is a general lack of social mobility. Plutocrats tend to socialize and marry amongst themselves, thus concentrating their wealth and making it difficult for people in the lower classes to improve their standing in society. A modern example of a plutocracy is the City of London (not the entire city, just the financial district). Most of its voters are representatives of businesses and other bodies that occupy premises in the City. “The bigger the business, the bigger the vote: a company with 10 workers gets two votes, the biggest employers, 79. It's not the workers who decide how the votes are cast, but the bosses, who "appoint" the voters. Plutocracy, pure and simple .” http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/oct/31/corporation-london-city-medieval

The term Oligarchy refers to the Greek meaning of “few” and “rule”. **Oligarchy as many define is a type of government, in which a select few rule over the general population, because of their status of wealth, military strength, family relations, political influence, or even race.** In most cases throughout history, wealth has been the main factor in the consideration of who was to lead, because it was universally related to all the other factors. There is also the type of oligarchy in which the leaders are nominated by the people, but that has not been nearly as popular throughout history as the former. These leaders that either took control of the area or were elected by the people were named the “elite”. The first examples of Oligarchy were probably seen in China, in which the rulers were the warlords who took control of certain sections of the country, but combined their territories together in order to create a more united/stable state. The only way for these different sections to not fight each other was to ensure that each warlord had the same amount of power as the other. This example shows how those with military strength were able to rule. However, the first well-known documented case of Oligarchy was in Greek city-states like Sparta and the early Roman Republic. In these cases, people who had the most wealth were generally the ones who ruled. The most recent example of an Oligarchy was in South Africa during Apartheid, in which the European descendants who made up 20% of the population held a majority of the political power / wealth.
 * __Oligarchy:__**

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The first part of totalitarian is total, which is relative to its definition. **A Totalitarian government is a single political party having total control over the public in all aspects of life from values / beliefs to the economy and education.** The goal of this type of political system is to completely oppose and suppress all other ideas other than the ones established by the government. A government attempts to do this so that the country, which they are responsible for stays in a state of order and supports the ideals of the only political party. This unfortunately sacrifices many of the liberties of the people and instead of keeping order can cause a revolt. The two types of Totalitarian government are the type where the government is run by one political party and the other is where the government is controlled by one person. Throughout history countries which have promoted a Totalitarian government have been seen as men with wicked intentions (not a very good record). In many cases the totalitarian government is one where there is only one supreme ruler. There was Hitler in Germany, Mussolini in Italy, Stalin in Russia, and the list goes on. Overall, we can see many examples of a one person Totalitarian system especially during the World Wars. A present day example of Totalitarianism would be North Korea, which is one of the most restrictive countries in history.
 * __Totalitarian:__**

[] [] Although communism is no longer the type of government within Russia, it is still important to know about it. **Communism is a type of government, in which the primary political party in control owns all the businesses within that country, while at the same time providing for its citizens through government assistance.** The main difference between Russian communism and other forms of communism is that with Russian communism the products that are made by the people are then given to the government who then handles distribution. In other words, it is not up to the people to decide how something should be divided equally, but rather the government. Since businesses and economy are run by the government, a communist type of government appears to have more influence over the lives of the people than some other forms of government. The basic idea of Russian communism was the government to create a state of equality for the people. Obviously, this form of government could be found in Russia during the Cold War, but what happened was that it spread both east and west of Asia, during the time of the Soviet Union. Eventually it spread to other countries such as China, Vietnam, and Laos.
 * __Russian Communism:__**

[] [] A government that is a dictatorship is usually related to a Totalitarian government. **A dictatorship is a type of government, in which a leader rises to power, not through election, but by primarily means of force.** A military dictatorship usually forms if a country is at a state of unrest or chaos, the politicians are unable to help, and the lives of citizens are in endanger in which case the military intervenes. During a military dictatorship, there is a large decrease in both democracy and crime, because the military does not want there to be anymore chaos so by removing the democratic process and creating severe punishments for crimes, stability can be achieved. Though internally the country will be safe, that same country shouldn’t count on any other country to come to their assistance. By having a strict dictatorship, the country is violating a person’s civil rights, which makes them leper towards other countries. Because dictatorships are so closely related to Totalitarian governments a lot of the examples are similar too. Hitler in Germany, Stalin in Russia, Mussolini in Italy, Kim Jon IL in North Korea, and the list goes on.
 * __Dictatorship:__**

The main aspect to remember about a revolution government is that it isn’t a permanent one, ever. **A revolutionary government is the point in time when a country goes through some kind a coup, during which a group takes momentary control of the nation handling all of its affairs until a new government is set up.** This may not be considered a type of government, but it is a change in how a country operates. Almost every country has gone through some kind of revolution with its government and during that time in order to keep the people safe, the military had to install some kind of short term laws as to keep the order among the citizens.
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 * __Revolutionary:__**


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**__Theocracy__** A theocracy is a form of government where the rulers claim to be ruling on behalf of a set of religious ideas, or as direct agents of a deity. It’s religiously controlled and governs based on strict orthodox codes of religious restrictions and laws to abide by.

This is currently being used in multiple countries in the Middle East. One country in particular that has this current form of Government is Iran. They follow set laws regarding the Muslim shariah law codes. The supreme leader of the states is appointed for life under the religious advisory board and is in charge of military and judiciary responsibilities. In addition there is one Islamic consultative assembly with 290 members.

**__Socialism__**

Socialist government’s own many of the larger industries and provide education, health and welfare services while allowing citizens some economic choices. It’s considered an overthrow of capitalism but it’s accepting of communism. Certain examples of modern day socialism are used in some western European countries. In particular one country that uses this form of government is Norway. It has a nationalized healthcare system and even provides free rehab treatments for addicts.

Anarchy is a situation where there is no government. This can happen after a civil war in a country, when a government has been destroyed and rival groups are fighting to take its place. As a result it is complete chaos and who takes over by force rules.
 * __ Anarchism __**

A current day example of this type of Government is the country of Afghanistan. Right now multiple militant and other social groups are fighting for control and dominance over the people/civilians. Right now the Taliban has control or the most control of any other Afghani group over the country as a political group/organization. Obviously they took over by force and civil unrest due to a result of rioting and war.

A parliamentary system is led by representatives of the people. Each is chosen as a member of a political party and remains in power as long as his/her party does. It’s ultimately a legislature with cabinet ministers who are the advisers to the Prime Minister.
 * __ Parliamentary System __**

Current examples and countries that use this form of Government include England and Israel. Israel has a parliamentary form of Government. The legislative branch includes the parliament which has 120 members. Israel also has three branches similar to the U.S However the executive branch and prime minister is just merely a ceremonial role or figure head similar to the queen of England. Both don’t hold much direct power different than the Republican form of Government where the president is commander in chief and can also veto laws passed by congress.

**__Questions???__** **1.) List 5 different types of governments used in the Wikipage**
 * **a)**
 * **b)**
 * **c)**
 * **d)**
 * **e)**

**2.) Define 3 of the different types of government** >




 * 3.) Who is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom?**


 * 4.) Are there any current forms of dictatorships?**

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